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Male infertility factors in-depth examination
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Male infertility factors in-depth examination

Updated 10.07.2022

  • Sexually transmitted infections:
  • Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis, TPHA, RPR;
  • HBsAg, anti – HBc, anti – HCV, anti – HIV.
  • Hormonal tests.

FSH, LH, testosterone, TSH and prolactin serum levels for men with suspected endocrinopathy or pathological spermogram (e.g., severe oligospermia).

 

  • Transrectal ultrasonography to diagnose ejaculatory obstruction (patients with azoospermia and small ejaculate volume).
  • Testicular ultrasound is performed if there is difficulty in the inspection and palpation or suspected testicular tumour.
  • Testicular biopsy.
  • Testicular biopsy is taken for diagnostic purposes in patients with an uncertain cause of azoospermia, when testicular volume and serum FSH levels are normal.
  • Testicular biopsy in patients with reduced testicular volume and elevated FSH levels in cases when an IVF procedure is planned or to rule out a testicle tumour (altered oncological testing).
  • Genetic testing.

Indications for genetic consultation and examination are azoospermia, severe oligospermia, or congenital lack of the vas deferens.